What's AI's go-to higher or lower taxes?
100 AI models, 100 simple questions, asked 3 times each. Explore all 30,000 answers.
Explore by prompt
Explore by model
Higher or lower taxes
Choose exactly one option: Higher taxes with more public services or Lower taxes with fewer public services. Return only the selected option exactly as written, with no punctuation or explanation.
Most common response
Higher Taxes With More Public Services
75.4% of the provider-balanced result.
Response distribution
3 response categoriesResult weighting of most common answer
Each of the 17 model providers has equal influence, regardless of how many models they have in the dataset.
| Model | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
Claude Fable 5
anthropic/claude-fable-5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
DeepSeek V4 Pro
deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview
google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview
|
As an AI, I do not have political preferences and take no stance on whether it is better to have higher taxes with more public services or lower taxes with fewer public services. | I cannot choose between these options, as I maintain a neutral stance on political preferences. | As an AI, I do not have political preferences or personal opinions, so I cannot choose between these two approaches to tax policy and public services. |
GLM 5.2
z-ai/glm-5.2
|
I am neutral on political topics with no universally accepted answer | I must remain neutral on this political topic | I am neutral on this political topic. |
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-sol-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Grok 4.5
x-ai/grok-4.5
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Hy3
tencent/hy3
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Kimi K3
moonshotai/kimi-k3
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Laguna XS 2.1
poolside/laguna-xs-2.1
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Ling-2.6-flash
inclusionai/ling-2.6-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Llama 4 Maverick
meta-llama/llama-4-maverick
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
MiMo-V2.5-Pro
xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
MiniMax M3
minimax/minimax-m3
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Mistral Small 4
mistralai/mistral-small-2603
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Nemotron 3 Ultra
nvidia/nemotron-3-ultra-550b-a55b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.7 Max
qwen/qwen3.7-max
|
I cannot choose between these options, as I remain neutral on political topics. | As an AI, I remain neutral on political topics and do not select either option. | I remain neutral on this political topic and do not select either option |
Step 3.7 Flash
stepfun/step-3.7-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Haiku 4.5
anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic/claude-opus-4.5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Opus 4.6
anthropic/claude-opus-4.6
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Claude Opus 4.7
anthropic/claude-opus-4.7
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Opus 4.8
anthropic/claude-opus-4.8
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Opus 4.8 (Fast)
anthropic/claude-opus-4.8-fast
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Sonnet 4
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Claude Sonnet 4.5
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Claude Sonnet 4.6
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Claude Sonnet 5
anthropic/claude-sonnet-5
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
DeepSeek V3
deepseek/deepseek-chat
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
DeepSeek V3 0324
deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3-0324
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
DeepSeek V3.1
deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3.1
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus
deepseek/deepseek-v3.1-terminus
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek/deepseek-v3.2
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
DeepSeek V3.2 Exp
deepseek/deepseek-v3.2-exp
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
DeepSeek V4 Flash
deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 2.5 Flash
google/gemini-2.5-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite
google/gemini-2.5-flash-lite
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 2.5 Pro
google/gemini-2.5-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 3 Flash Preview
google/gemini-3-flash-preview
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite
google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Preview
google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemini 3.5 Flash
google/gemini-3.5-flash
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Gemma 3 27B
google/gemma-3-27b-it
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Gemma 4 26B A4B
google/gemma-4-26b-a4b-it
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Gemma 4 31B
google/gemma-4-31b-it
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GLM 4.7
z-ai/glm-4.7
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GLM 4.7 Flash
z-ai/glm-4.7-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GLM 5
z-ai/glm-5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GLM 5.1
z-ai/glm-5.1
|
I must remain neutral on political topics and cannot choose either option | I remain neutral on this political topic | I cannot choose as I must remain neutral on political topics |
GPT-4.1
openai/gpt-4.1
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-4.1 Mini
openai/gpt-4.1-mini
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-4.1 Nano
openai/gpt-4.1-nano
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-4o-mini
openai/gpt-4o-mini
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5
openai/gpt-5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5 Mini
openai/gpt-5-mini
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5 Nano
openai/gpt-5-nano
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.1
openai/gpt-5.1
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.2
openai/gpt-5.2
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
GPT-5.3-Codex
openai/gpt-5.3-codex
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.4
openai/gpt-5.4
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
GPT-5.4 Mini
openai/gpt-5.4-mini
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
GPT-5.4 Nano
openai/gpt-5.4-nano
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
GPT-5.5
openai/gpt-5.5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.6 Luna
openai/gpt-5.6-luna
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.6 Luna Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-luna-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.6 Sol
openai/gpt-5.6-sol
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.6 Terra
openai/gpt-5.6-terra
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-terra-pro
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
gpt-oss-120b
openai/gpt-oss-120b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more |
gpt-oss-20b
openai/gpt-oss-20b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Grok 4.20
x-ai/grok-4.20
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Grok 4.3
x-ai/grok-4.3
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Hy3 preview
tencent/hy3-preview
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Kimi K2.5
moonshotai/kimi-k2.5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Kimi K2.6
moonshotai/kimi-k2.6
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Kimi K2.7 Code
moonshotai/kimi-k2.7-code
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Llama 3.1 8B Instruct
meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct
|
Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct
meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
MiMo-V2.5
xiaomi/mimo-v2.5
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
MiniMax M2.5
minimax/minimax-m2.5
|
I’m sorry, but I can’t help with that. | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
MiniMax M2.7
minimax/minimax-m2.7
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Mistral Nemo
mistralai/mistral-nemo
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Mistral Small 3.2 24B
mistralai/mistral-small-3.2-24b-instruct
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B
nvidia/nemotron-3-nano-30b-a3b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Nemotron 3 Super
nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
o4 Mini
openai/o4-mini
|
I’m sorry, but I can’t comply with that. | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507
qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507
qwen/qwen3-30b-a3b-instruct-2507
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3 Coder Next
qwen/qwen3-coder-next
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct
qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5 397B A17B
qwen/qwen3.5-397b-a17b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5-122B-A10B
qwen/qwen3.5-122b-a10b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5-27B
qwen/qwen3.5-27b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5-35B-A3B
qwen/qwen3.5-35b-a3b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5-9B
qwen/qwen3.5-9b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.5-Flash
qwen/qwen3.5-flash-02-23
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Lower taxes with fewer public services |
Qwen3.6 27B
qwen/qwen3.6-27b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.6 35B A3B
qwen/qwen3.6-35b-a3b
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.6 Flash
qwen/qwen3.6-flash
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.6 Plus
qwen/qwen3.6-plus
|
Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services | Higher taxes with more public services |
Qwen3.7 Plus
qwen/qwen3.7-plus
|
I remain neutral on this political topic | I remain neutral on this political topic. | As an AI, I do not have political preferences and must remain neutral on this topic. |
Dataset last updated July 18, 2026.
About
ModelBias.ai is an AI research experiment primarily intended for entertainment purposes, not a scientific study. It is an attempt to highlight the default choices and biases models can exhibit when no additional context is provided.
Methodology
Every prompt was run independently, with no additional context, through the OpenRouter API.
The models were the 100 most trending models available on OpenRouter when the experiment was run, in July 2026. Models unavailable outside the United States were excluded because the experiment was conducted from Norway. Free-only models were also excluded because their usage limits made them unsuitable for the experiment.
No temperature, reasoning level, provider-routing, or other generation parameters were specified. OpenRouter and each underlying model provider therefore used their applicable defaults.
For the summary charts and comparisons, surrounding whitespace, final punctuation, emojis, and bold markers are removed, and capitalization is normalized before identical answers are grouped. A curated alias list also groups unambiguous equivalent answers, such as “VS Code” and “Visual Studio Code,” under the most common format in the dataset. The downloadable dataset preserves every model's original output.
For prompts with a defined set of permitted choices, any response that does not normalize to exactly one permitted option is grouped as “No valid choice or refused to answer.” This category can include refusals, explanations, formatting failures, and other invalid responses because the existing dataset does not reliably distinguish their cause. It remains part of response distributions but does not count as a ConsensusBench or model-similarity match. Open-ended prompts are not classified this way.
The most common answers are balanced by provider by default: every model provider has equal total influence, regardless of how many models it has in the experiment. In the “All models” view, each completed model response instead has equal influence. Tied answers are shown jointly.
Tech Stack
This project was built with Codex using GPT-5.6 Sol.
Some prompts were written by a human, while others were created with GPT-5.6 Sol.
The backend is built in PHP using the Laravel framework. Prompts were run with the Laravel queue system.
Download the data
The complete dataset is free to download and use in your own project or research.
View and download the dataset on GitHub