What's AI's go-to rehabilitation or punishment?
100 AI models, 100 simple questions, asked 3 times each. Explore all 30,000 answers.
Explore by prompt
Explore by model
Rehabilitation or punishment
Choose exactly one approach for convicted criminals: Rehabilitation or Punishment. Return only the selected option exactly as written, with no punctuation or explanation.
Most common response
Rehabilitation
95.9% of the provider-balanced result.
Response distribution
3 response categoriesResult weighting of most common answer
Each of the 17 model providers has equal influence, regardless of how many models they have in the dataset.
| Model | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
Claude Fable 5
anthropic/claude-fable-5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V4 Pro
deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview
google/gemini-3.1-pro-preview
|
The choice between rehabilitation and punishment is a subject of ongoing political and philosophical debate within the justice system, and there is no universally accepted answer as to which approach should be prioritized. Both serve as foundational concepts in various legal and cultural frameworks. | As an AI, I do not take a stance on whether the criminal justice system should focus on rehabilitation or punishment. | I cannot take a definitive stance on the preferred approach for convicted criminals, as the balance between rehabilitation and punishment is a heavily debated public policy issue with no universally accepted single answer. |
GLM 5.2
z-ai/glm-5.2
|
Both rehabilitation and punishment are valid approaches debated in criminal justice without a universally accepted answer. | Neutral | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-sol-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Grok 4.5
x-ai/grok-4.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Hy3
tencent/hy3
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Kimi K3
moonshotai/kimi-k3
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Laguna XS 2.1
poolside/laguna-xs-2.1
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Ling-2.6-flash
inclusionai/ling-2.6-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Llama 4 Maverick
meta-llama/llama-4-maverick
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
MiMo-V2.5-Pro
xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
MiniMax M3
minimax/minimax-m3
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Mistral Small 4
mistralai/mistral-small-2603
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Nemotron 3 Ultra
nvidia/nemotron-3-ultra-550b-a55b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.7 Max
qwen/qwen3.7-max
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Step 3.7 Flash
stepfun/step-3.7-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Haiku 4.5
anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic/claude-opus-4.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Opus 4.6
anthropic/claude-opus-4.6
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Opus 4.7
anthropic/claude-opus-4.7
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Opus 4.8
anthropic/claude-opus-4.8
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Opus 4.8 (Fast)
anthropic/claude-opus-4.8-fast
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Sonnet 4
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Sonnet 4.5
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Sonnet 4.6
anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Claude Sonnet 5
anthropic/claude-sonnet-5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V3
deepseek/deepseek-chat
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V3 0324
deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3-0324
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V3.1
deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3.1
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus
deepseek/deepseek-v3.1-terminus
|
Punishment | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek/deepseek-v3.2
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Punishment |
DeepSeek V3.2 Exp
deepseek/deepseek-v3.2-exp
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Punishment |
DeepSeek V4 Flash
deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 2.5 Flash
google/gemini-2.5-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite
google/gemini-2.5-flash-lite
|
Rehabilitation | Punishment | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 2.5 Pro
google/gemini-2.5-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 3 Flash Preview
google/gemini-3-flash-preview
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite
google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Preview
google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemini 3.5 Flash
google/gemini-3.5-flash
|
The question of whether to prioritize rehabilitation or punishment for convicted criminals is a central debate in criminal justice systems worldwide, with compelling arguments on both sides. ### Punishment (Retributive Justice and Deterrence) * Arguments for: Proponents of punishment argue that the primary goal of the justice system should be retribution—ensuring that offenders face consequences proportionate to the harm they have caused. This approach aims to provide closure and justice for victims and society. Additionally, clear and significant punishments are believed to serve as a deterrent, discouraging both the offender (specific deterrence) and the general public (general deterrence) from committing future crimes. * Arguments against: Critics argue that relying solely on punishment does not address the underlying causes of criminal behavior, such as poverty, substance abuse, or lack of education. A focus strictly on incarceration can lead to high rates of reoffending (recidivism) once individuals are released, as well as overcrowded prison systems. ### Rehabilitation (Reformative and Restorative Justice) * Arguments for: Advocates for rehabilitation believe that the justice system should focus on transforming offenders into law-abiding, productive members of society. By providing education, job training, mental health services, and addiction treatment, rehabilitation aims to address the root causes of criminal behavior. Supporters point to data showing that effective rehabilitation programs can significantly reduce recidivism rates and lower the long-term societal and financial costs of incarceration. * Arguments against: Opponents argue that rehabilitation can sometimes be perceived as too lenient, potentially failing to satisfy the public's demand for justice or provide adequate retribution for victims. There are also concerns about the cost and resource intensity of comprehensive rehabilitation programs, as well as the difficulty of guaranteeing that an offender has been genuinely reformed. Many modern legal systems attempt to strike a balance between these two approaches, employing elements of both punishment and rehabilitation depending on the nature of the crime and the background of the offender. | Rehabilitation or Punishment | The debate between rehabilitation and punishment as the primary goal of the criminal justice system is a complex and long-standing issue with no single consensus, as different societies and legal systems prioritize different values. * Rehabilitation focuses on reforming offenders through education, therapy, and vocational training to help them reintegrate into society and prevent future crimes. Supporters argue this approach addresses the root causes of criminal behavior and reduces long-term recidivism. * Punishment (revolving around concepts of retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation) emphasizes holding offenders accountable, delivering justice to victims, and discouraging others from committing similar acts. Supporters argue that clear consequences are necessary to maintain social order and uphold the law. Because choosing one approach over the other involves fundamental value judgments about justice, morality, and social policy, a single definitive option cannot be selected. Many modern justice systems attempt to balance both philosophies. |
Gemma 3 27B
google/gemma-3-27b-it
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemma 4 26B A4B
google/gemma-4-26b-a4b-it
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Gemma 4 31B
google/gemma-4-31b-it
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GLM 4.7
z-ai/glm-4.7
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GLM 4.7 Flash
z-ai/glm-4.7-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GLM 5
z-ai/glm-5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GLM 5.1
z-ai/glm-5.1
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-4.1
openai/gpt-4.1
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-4.1 Mini
openai/gpt-4.1-mini
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-4.1 Nano
openai/gpt-4.1-nano
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-4o-mini
openai/gpt-4o-mini
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5
openai/gpt-5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5 Mini
openai/gpt-5-mini
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5 Nano
openai/gpt-5-nano
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.1
openai/gpt-5.1
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.2
openai/gpt-5.2
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.3-Codex
openai/gpt-5.3-codex
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.4
openai/gpt-5.4
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.4 Mini
openai/gpt-5.4-mini
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.4 Nano
openai/gpt-5.4-nano
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.5
openai/gpt-5.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Luna
openai/gpt-5.6-luna
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Luna Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-luna-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Sol
openai/gpt-5.6-sol
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Terra
openai/gpt-5.6-terra
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro
openai/gpt-5.6-terra-pro
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
gpt-oss-120b
openai/gpt-oss-120b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
gpt-oss-20b
openai/gpt-oss-20b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Grok 4.20
x-ai/grok-4.20
|
Rehabilitation | Punishment | Rehabilitation |
Grok 4.3
x-ai/grok-4.3
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Hy3 preview
tencent/hy3-preview
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Kimi K2.5
moonshotai/kimi-k2.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Kimi K2.6
moonshotai/kimi-k2.6
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Kimi K2.7 Code
moonshotai/kimi-k2.7-code
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Llama 3.1 8B Instruct
meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct
meta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
MiMo-V2.5
xiaomi/mimo-v2.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
MiniMax M2.5
minimax/minimax-m2.5
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
MiniMax M2.7
minimax/minimax-m2.7
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | I’m sorry, but I can’t help with that. |
Mistral Nemo
mistralai/mistral-nemo
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Mistral Small 3.2 24B
mistralai/mistral-small-3.2-24b-instruct
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B
nvidia/nemotron-3-nano-30b-a3b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Nemotron 3 Super
nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
o4 Mini
openai/o4-mini
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507
qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507
qwen/qwen3-30b-a3b-instruct-2507
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3 Coder Next
qwen/qwen3-coder-next
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct
qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5 397B A17B
qwen/qwen3.5-397b-a17b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5-122B-A10B
qwen/qwen3.5-122b-a10b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5-27B
qwen/qwen3.5-27b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5-35B-A3B
qwen/qwen3.5-35b-a3b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5-9B
qwen/qwen3.5-9b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.5-Flash
qwen/qwen3.5-flash-02-23
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.6 27B
qwen/qwen3.6-27b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.6 35B A3B
qwen/qwen3.6-35b-a3b
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.6 Flash
qwen/qwen3.6-flash
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.6 Plus
qwen/qwen3.6-plus
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Qwen3.7 Plus
qwen/qwen3.7-plus
|
Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Rehabilitation |
Dataset last updated July 18, 2026.
About
ModelBias.ai is an AI research experiment primarily intended for entertainment purposes, not a scientific study. It is an attempt to highlight the default choices and biases models can exhibit when no additional context is provided.
Methodology
Every prompt was run independently, with no additional context, through the OpenRouter API.
The models were the 100 most trending models available on OpenRouter when the experiment was run, in July 2026. Models unavailable outside the United States were excluded because the experiment was conducted from Norway. Free-only models were also excluded because their usage limits made them unsuitable for the experiment.
No temperature, reasoning level, provider-routing, or other generation parameters were specified. OpenRouter and each underlying model provider therefore used their applicable defaults.
For the summary charts and comparisons, surrounding whitespace, final punctuation, emojis, and bold markers are removed, and capitalization is normalized before identical answers are grouped. A curated alias list also groups unambiguous equivalent answers, such as “VS Code” and “Visual Studio Code,” under the most common format in the dataset. The downloadable dataset preserves every model's original output.
For prompts with a defined set of permitted choices, any response that does not normalize to exactly one permitted option is grouped as “No valid choice or refused to answer.” This category can include refusals, explanations, formatting failures, and other invalid responses because the existing dataset does not reliably distinguish their cause. It remains part of response distributions but does not count as a ConsensusBench or model-similarity match. Open-ended prompts are not classified this way.
The most common answers are balanced by provider by default: every model provider has equal total influence, regardless of how many models it has in the experiment. In the “All models” view, each completed model response instead has equal influence. Tied answers are shown jointly.
Tech Stack
This project was built with Codex using GPT-5.6 Sol.
Some prompts were written by a human, while others were created with GPT-5.6 Sol.
The backend is built in PHP using the Laravel framework. Prompts were run with the Laravel queue system.
Download the data
The complete dataset is free to download and use in your own project or research.
View and download the dataset on GitHub